“The Chessmen of Mars“ is a novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs, an American fiction writer, who created such great characters as Tarzan and John Carter of Mars. The Chessmen of Mars is a science fantasy novel, the fifth of the Barsoom series.
This vision of Mars was based on the work of the astronomer Percival Lowell, whose ideas were widely popularized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.